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- Network Working Group W A Simpson
- Internet Draft Daydreamer
- expires in six months October 1993
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- PPP in Frame Relay
- draft-ietf-pppext-frame-relay-02.txt
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- Status of this Memo
-
- This document is the product of the Point-to-Point Protocol Working
- Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Comments should
- be submitted to the ietf-ppp@ucdavis.edu mailing list.
-
- Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working
- documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas,
- and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute
- working documents as Internet Drafts.
-
- Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
- months. Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
- other documents at any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet
- Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as a
- ``working draft'' or ``work in progress.''
-
- Please check the 1id-abstracts.txt listing contained in the
- internet-drafts Shadow Directories on nic.ddn.mil, nnsc.nsf.net,
- nic.nordu.net, ftp.nisc.sri.com, or munnari.oz.au to learn the
- current status of any Internet Draft.
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- Simpson expires in six months [Page i]
- DRAFT PPP in Frame Relay October 1993
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- Abstract
-
- The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] provides a standard method for
- transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links.
-
- This document describes the use of Frame Relay for framing PPP
- encapsulated packets.
-
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- Applicability
-
- This specification is intended for those implementations which desire
- to use facilities which are defined for PPP, such as the Link Control
- Protocol, Network-layer Control Protocols, authentication, and
- compression. These capabilities require a point-to-point
- relationship between peers, and are not designed for multi-point or
- multi-access environments.
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- DRAFT PPP in Frame Relay October 1993
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- 1. Introduction
-
-
- Frame Relay [2] is a relative newcomer to the serial link community.
- Like X.25, the protocol was designed to provide virtual circuits for
- connections between stations attached to the same Frame Relay
- network. The improvement over X.25 is that Q.922 is restricted to
- delivery of packets, and dispenses with sequencing and flow control,
- simplifying the service immensely.
-
- PPP uses ISO 3309 HDLC as a basis for its framing [3].
-
- When Frame Relay is configured as a point-to-point circuit, PPP can
- use Frame Relay as a framing mechanism, ignoring its other features.
- This is equivalent to the technique used to carry SNAP headers over
- Frame Relay [4].
-
- At one time, it had been hoped that PPP HDLC frames and Frame Relay
- would co-exist on the same links. Unfortunately, the Q.922 method
- for expanding the address from 1 to 2 to 4 octets is not
- indistinguishable from the ISO 3309 method, due to the structure of
- its Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI) subfields.
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- Simpson expires in six months [Page 1]
- DRAFT PPP in Frame Relay October 1993
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- 2. Physical Layer Requirements
-
- PPP treats Frame Relay framing as a bit synchronous link. The link
- MUST be full-duplex, but MAY be either dedicated (permanent) or
- switched.
-
- Interface Format
-
- PPP presents an octet interface to the physical layer. There is
- no provision for sub-octets to be supplied or accepted.
-
- Transmission Rate
-
- PPP does not impose any restrictions regarding transmission rate,
- other than that of the particular Frame Relay interface.
-
- Control Signals
-
- Implementation of Frame Relay requires the provision of control
- signals, which indicate when the link has become connected or
- disconnected. These in turn provide the Up and Down events to the
- LCP state machine.
-
- Because PPP does not normally require the use of control signals,
- the failure of such signals MUST NOT affect correct operation of
- PPP. Implications are discussed in [2].
-
- Encoding
-
- The definition of various encodings is the responsibility of the
- DTE/DCE equipment in use, and is outside the scope of this
- specification.
-
- While PPP will operate without regard to the underlying
- representation of the bit stream, Frame Relay requires NRZ
- encoding.
-
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- 3. The Data Link Layer
-
- This specification uses the principles, terminology, and frame
- structure described in "Multiprotocol Interconnect over Frame Relay"
- [4].
-
- The purpose of this specification is not to document what is already
- standardized in [4]. Instead, this document attempts to give a
- concise summary and point out specific options and features used by
- PPP.
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- Simpson expires in six months [Page 2]
- DRAFT PPP in Frame Relay October 1993
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- 3.1. Frame Format
-
- As described in [4], Q.922 header address and control fields are
- combined with the Network Layer Protocol Identifier (NLPID), which
- identifies the encapsulation which follows. The fields are
- transmitted from left to right.
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Flag (0x7e) |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Q.922 Address | Control | NLPID(0xcf) |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | PPP Protocol |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-
- The PPP Protocol field and the following Information and Padding
- fields are described in the Point-to-Point Protocol Encapsulation
- [1].
-
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- 3.2. Modification of the Basic Frame
-
- The Link Control Protocol can negotiate modifications to the basic
- frame structure. However, modified frames will always be clearly
- distinguishable from standard frames.
-
- Address-and-Control-Field-Compression
-
- Because the Address and Control field values are not constant, and
- are modified as the frame is transported by the network switching
- fabric, Address-and-Control-Field-Compression MUST NOT be
- negotiated.
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- Protocol-Field-Compression
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- Note that unlike the HDLC framing, the Frame Relay framing does
- not align the Information field on a 32-bit boundary. Alignment
- to a 32-bit boundary occurs when the NLPID is removed and Protocol
- field is compressed to a single octet. When this improves
- throughput, Protocol-Field-Compression SHOULD be negotiated.
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- 4. In-Band Protocol Demultiplexing
-
- The PPP NLPID (CF hex) and PPP Protocol fields easily distinguish the
- PPP encapsulation from the other NLPID encapsulations described in
- [4].
-
- The joining of the PPP and NLPID number space has an added advantage,
- in that the LCP Protocol-Reject can be used to indicate NLPIDs that
- are not recognized. This can eliminate "black-holes" that occur when
- traffic is not supported.
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- For those network-layer protocols which have no PPP Protocol
- assignment, or which have not yet been implemented under the PPP
- encapsulation, or which have not been successfully negotiated by a
- PPP NCP, another method of encapsulation defined under [4] SHOULD be
- used.
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- Currently, there are no conflicts between NLPID and PPP Protocol
- values. If a future implementation is configured to send a NLPID
- value which is the same as a compressed Protocol field, that Protocol
- field MUST NOT be sent compressed.
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- On reception, the first octet following the header is examined. If
- the octet is zero, it MUST be assumed that the packet is formatted
- according to [4].
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- PPP encapsulated packets always have a non-zero octet following the
- header. If the octet is not the PPP NLPID value (CF hex), and
- Protocol-Field-Compression is enabled, and the associated NCP has
- been negotiated, then it is expected to be a compressed PPP Protocol
- value. Otherwise, it MUST be assumed that the packet is formatted
- according to [4].
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- The Protocol field value 0x00cf is not allowed (reserved) to avoid
- ambiguity when Protocol-Field-Compression is enabled. The value MAY
- be treated as a PPP Protocol that indicates that another PPP Protocol
- packet follows.
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- Initial LCP packets contain the sequence cf-c0-21 following the
- header. When a LCP Configure-Request packet is received and
- recognized, the PPP link enters Link Establishment phase.
-
- The accidental connection of a link to feed a multipoint network (or
- multicast group) SHOULD result in a misconfiguration indication.
- This can be detected by multiple responses to the LCP Configure-
- Request with the same Identifier, coming from different framing
- addresses. Some implementations might be physically unable to either
- log or report such information.
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- Simpson expires in six months [Page 4]
- DRAFT PPP in Frame Relay October 1993
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- Once PPP has entered the Link Establishment phase, data packets with
- other NLPID values MUST NOT be sent, and on receipt such packets MUST
- be silently discarded, until the PPP link enters the Network-Layer
- Protocol phase.
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- An implementation which requires PPP configuration (and other PPP
- features such as authentication) MAY shut down the link when
- configuration fails. Otherwise, when the Configure-Request sender
- reaches the Max-Configure limit, it MUST fall back to send only
- frames encapsulated according to [4].
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- 5. Out-of-Band signaling
-
- There is no generally agreed method of out-of-band signalling. Until
- such a method is universally available, an implementation MUST use
- In-Band Protocol Demultiplexing for both Permanent and Switched
- Virtual Circuits.
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- 6. Configuration Details
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- The following Configurations Options are recommended:
-
- Magic Number
- Protocol Field Compression
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- The standard LCP configuration defaults apply to Frame Relay links,
- except MRU.
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- To ensure interoperability with existing Frame Relay implementations,
- the initial Maximum-Receive-Unit (MRU) is 1600 octets [4]. This only
- affects the minimum required buffer space available for receiving
- packets, not the size of packets sent.
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- The typical network feeding the link is likely to have a MRU of
- either 1500, or 2048 or greater. To avoid fragmentation, the
- Maximum-Transmission-Unit (MTU) at the network layer SHOULD NOT
- exceed 1500, unless a peer MRU of 2048 or greater is specifically
- negotiated.
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- Some Frame Relay switches are only capable of 262 octet frames. It
- is not recommended that anyone deploy or use a switch which is
- capable of less than 1600 octet frames. However, PPP implementations
- MUST be configurable to limit the size of LCP packets which are sent
- to 259 octets (which leaves room for the NLPID and Protocol fields),
- until LCP negotiation is complete.
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- Simpson expires in six months [Page 5]
- DRAFT PPP in Frame Relay October 1993
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- XID negotiation is not required to be supported for links which are
- capable of PPP negotiation.
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- Inverse ARP is not required to be supported for PPP links. That
- function is provided by PPP NCP negotiation.
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- Simpson expires in six months [Page 6]
- DRAFT PPP in Frame Relay October 1993
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- Security Considerations
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- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
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- References
-
- [1] Simpson, W. A., "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", work in
- progress.
-
- [2] International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee,
- CCITT Recommendation Q.922, "ISDN Data Link Layer Specification
- for Frame Mode Bearer Services", April 1991.
-
- [3] Simpson, W. A., "PPP HDLC Framing", work in progress.
-
- [4] Bradley, T., Brown, C., and Malis, A., "Multiprotocol
- Interconnect over Frame Relay", RFC 1294, January 1992.
-
- [5] ISO/IEC TR 9577, "Information technology - Telecommunications
- and Information exchange between systems - Protocol
- Identification in the network layer", 1990 (E) 1990-10-15.
-
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- Acknowledgments
-
- This design was inspired by the paper "Parameter Negotiation for the
- Multiprotocol Interconnect", Keith Sklower and Clifford Frost,
- University of California, Berkeley, 1992, unpublished.
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- Simpson expires in six months [Page 7]
- DRAFT PPP in Frame Relay October 1993
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- Chair's Address
-
- The working group can be contacted via the current chair:
-
- Fred Baker
- Advanced Computer Communications
- 315 Bollay Drive
- Santa Barbara, California 93117
-
- EMail: fbaker@acc.com
-
-
- Author's Address
-
- Questions about this memo can also be directed to:
-
- William Allen Simpson
- Daydreamer
- Computer Systems Consulting Services
- 1384 Fontaine
- Madison Heights, Michigan 48071
-
- EMail: Bill.Simpson@um.cc.umich.edu
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- Simpson expires in six months [Page 8]
- DRAFT PPP in Frame Relay October 1993
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- Table of Contents
-
-
- 1. Introduction .......................................... 1
-
- 2. Physical Layer Requirements ........................... 2
-
- 3. The Data Link Layer ................................... 2
- 3.1 Frame Format .................................... 3
- 3.2 Modification of the Basic Frame ................. 3
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- 4. In-Band Protocol Demultiplexing ....................... 4
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- 5. Out-of-Band signaling ................................. 5
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- 6. Configuration Details ................................. 5
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- SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS ...................................... 7
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- REFERENCES ................................................... 7
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- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................. 7
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- CHAIR'S ADDRESS .............................................. 8
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- AUTHOR'S ADDRESS ............................................. 8
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- Bill.Simpson@um.cc.umich.edu
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